Tag: Adoption Corruption Page 1 of 3

We Have Not Learned Our Lesson About Adoption Corruption

Sometimes I think I am a glutton for punishment.  

I keep clinging onto vestiges of hope that maybe international adoption can work in developing countries.  But I am drawn like a bug to a zapper when I see books like this one:

Finding Fernanda:  Two mothers, one child, and a cross-border search for truth by Erin Siegal

And yes, I felt like a zapped bug.  This time, I got to read 312 pages describing (in sordid detail) the stinking cesspool that was the Guatemalan adoption industry.  And an industry it was, since at its height, thousands of children were exported from this tiny war-torn country every year.  In fact, for several years, 1 out of every Guatemalan 100 babies were sold to America.  And while thousands of American families fawned over pictures of “their” children, fixed up nurseries, and prayed desperate prayers, the millions of dollars being sent to Guatemala were being used by adoption agencies, lawyers, judges, and orphanages to manipulate, buy, or just plain kidnap children away from their mothers.  

And the pit in my stomach just continues to grow.  

As I’ve said over and over, I wish it wasn’t true.  I so desperately want to support all international adoptions–I really do.  And it would be one thing if collectively the American Adoption Community looked at Guatemala and said, Wow, we really learned our lesson.  We won’t ever let that happen again.  But the hardest part about all of this is that America still has not learned its lesson.  It still is turning a blind eye. 

You might have read the post I wrote last year called Children Are No Longer For Sale in Uganda.  After Uganda’s adoption industry turned into its own cesspool, the Ugandan government finally got in control of it and passed some new laws.  Perhaps the most significant of those laws is that any foreign adoptive parent needs to now foster the child in Uganda for one year before adopting.  

So you can imagine my surprise when I read the following on the United States Department of State website last week:

What does this mean?  It means that some American adoption agencies are trying to get around the one-year fostering law by finding Ugandan families to “proxy foster” the child….until the requirement is supposedly met and the American family can swoop in and take the child back to America.

What?

WHAT?

How clear does Uganda need to be?  How spelled out do they need to make the law?  It’s even written in English.  You must live in Uganda for at least one year to adopt a child.   Is it really that hard to understand?  But hey, I guess if Madonna is able to ignore adoption residency requirements, then anyone can.

Some will say, Well, adoptive families wouldn’t be able to get away with it if it wasn’t okay.  Really?  Then they obviously have never lived in a developing country before.  They have absolutely no idea the depth of the corruption that they are enabling, that they are contributing to, in the name of rescuing a child.

Sigh.  I’ll say it again:

If you’re feeling called to adopt,choose a Hague-Convention country.  Do your homework; don’t just trust your agency.  Ask the hard questions.  Read the country’s laws for yourself.  Support adoption reform.  Remember that adoption corruption is rampant and you cannot assume the best.

Please, please, America (and it really is mainly America), let’s learn this lesson.

The Conflict of International Adoption Reform: Why Are Agencies Trying to Stop It?

I am pro-adoption, and have four adopted kids of my own.

I am pro-international adoption, when it’s done the right way.

I have lived 18 years in African countries, including 12 in Tanzania.

I have witnessed first-hand the corruption in international adoption.

Please keep these these things in mind as you read this.

If you are in international adoption circles, you probably have heard about the adoption reforms currently being proposed by the US Department of State.  Your agency might have circulated a petition on social media for you to sign, protesting the new regulations.  You might have read an article insisting that the new regulations will ruin international adoption.

So today, I hope you’ll read this article, where I give my support for these new regulations.  

This is why.

1.  The new law would give the State Department the control to accredit agencies for specific countries.

Imagine you are a consular officer working in a United States embassy overseas.  You know that international adoption is illegal in your country, or that it is full of corruption.  Yet, when an application for a US visa for an adopted child comes across your desk, there is very little you can do besides grant the visa.  If some of the documentation looks fraudulent, as long as there is a genuine adoption order included, you really can’t change anything.  And if you do try–let’s say you launch an investigation that delays the visa–then the American family will promptly call their local US government representative–who will make your life hell.  Yes, this is how it works.

Many people don’t realize that adoption agencies routinely work in countries where they are not licensed by that government or where adoption is blatantly illegal.  Or, in some countries, a government will license a few agencies, but then dozens more unlicensed agencies will work “under” each licensed agency.

Up until this point, it has been extremely rare for the US government to shut down adoptions in a particular country, even if corruption is rampant.  They just haven’t had that power.  This new regulation would give them the authority to regulate which agencies (if any) work in a particular country.  This is needed and necessary.

2.  The new law would prevent agencies from paying orphanages for the care of children matched for adoption.

Imagine you are the manager of an orphanage in a third-world country where international adoption is booming.  Fundraising is difficult and time-consuming.  But every time a child in your orphanage is matched for adoption, you receive $300 a month until that child goes home (which can take up to a year).  Awesome!   What a great source of dependable funding….especially since most people in the country live on less than $2 a day!

This is a massive conflict of interest.  

When orphanages get paid for adoption, then why would they do to the more difficult work of reuniting children with their families?

When adoption becomes lucrative (especially in a poor country), then children become a commodity.  When children become a commodity, then orphanages go out and “search” for more children to fill their beds.

Sure, I get why adoptive parents are anxious for their referred children to have excellent care during the months they are waiting to bring them home.  But what they don’t realize is that many times these “mandatory donations” (now that’s an oxymoron!) are actually counter-productive.  Once greed and corruption sets in, that money is much less likely to actually go to their child’s care.  Money should never be a motivator for orphanages to participate in adoption.  If they can’t get their funding a different way, then they shouldn’t be caring for children at all.

Countries approved by the Hague convention already ban this practice–and for good reason.  I wholeheartedly approve our government’s decision to stop it across the board.

3. The new law would require more levels of accountability for agencies over the people that they work with (and pay) overseas.  This would also allow the US government to regulate what agencies are paying their overseas “partners.”

What most people don’t understand is that agencies must be accredited in the United States, which requires them to have certain standards for potential adoptive families, to have a certain level of financial transparency, etc.  But that accreditation only regulates the American side of adoption.  There are no regulations for what those agencies do in other countries.  They have absolutely no accountability for what they do–unless the other country regulates them.  But when these agencies come into a country with their massive money, the other country is pretty much going to let them do whatever they want.  And this is where corruption, abuse, child trafficking–etc–all run rampant.

This is why six US agencies (maybe more) are working to facilitate adoptions in Tanzania–despite the fact that international adoption isillegal here and that there is no way to license an agency in this country.

Honestly, I don’t know if this particular law is the answer to the problems in international adoption.  There are other parts to the law–like requiring parents to attend foster care classes in their state–that might not be good solutions.  But this I do know:  The US government needs to be able to regulate the activity of US agencies overseas–because no one else is.  Whether or not this law is the answer to that problem, I’m not sure.  But this conversation needs to happen.  And the international adoption community needs to listen.

I can hear the protest:  What if this means less children get adopted?  

I hear that, and I feel it.  What it means is that we need different solutions.  We need to understand that international adoption is a solution for a very small percentage of the world’s vulnerable children.  Maybe we need less adoption agencies and more “family reunification” agencies.  Maybe we need less orphanages and more community development programs.  Maybe instead of pushing foreign governments to allow Americans to adopt more of their children, we need to instead push them to promote domestic adoption.

Now that would be something worthwhile to fight for.

One Year with Johnny (and Fighting for Righteous Adoption)

Just a few weeks ago, Johnny and I were outside at night.  “Look, Mommy, the moon!  I see the stars too!” he pointed out with his little-boy lisp.  A pause.  “I saw the moon and the stars at my Baby Home,” he added thoughtfully.  “I had a balloon with a light.”

I wrapped up his words in my heart, because it’s one of the only times he’s verbalized a real memory of his life from before he joined us.  I pictured him there, dancing in the dark with a glow balloon in the garden at the Baby Home.  He remembers.  It’s his own memory, not planted there by photographs or my own prodding.

Today is one year since my boy came home.

I think back to that day, which seems like just yesterday and yet a lifetime ago.  I remember how utterly overwhelmed he was that night we put him on a plane and took him away from everything he knew and loved.  I watch him now, my fearless boy roaring around on a scooter, covering himself with scratches and scrapes which barely slow him down from keeping up with his siblings.

He was three, almost four, when he came home, and now he’s almost five.  He has been nothing but joy to us.  If there are scars on his heart from the circumstances of his early life, we don’t see them.  He is so resilient.  He is happy and earnest and flexible.  Josiah regularly tells me, “Mommy, I love having a brother!”



Johnny is the picture perfect example of the beauty of adoption.  He had no one, and now he has everything.  When we took him home, he was months away from being transferred to a long-term institution.  I’m so pleased that he decided on his own that he wants to stay with us, but I shudder to think about the little-boy tears he would have shed if he was now growing up in a place where the Baby Home would have always represented his best years.  It was a happy place, but never meant to be a permanent place.  The children were always meant to go on to something better–a family.  But for some of them, that will never happen.  I think of many I know by name–Boniface, Baraka, and of course, George.

It’s ironic that the year we we have integrated Johnny into our family and experienced the best things that adoption offers is the same year that I have become such an advocate for adoption reform.

On one hand, I have been devastated by the reality of international adoption in many countries.  As I started this journey to understand why illegal international adoptions are happening in Tanzania, more and more horror stories kept filling my inbox.  One woman wrote to me after reading my series.  Her family had been pursuing a sibling set from a non-African country, and my posts opened her eyes to what could be going on behind the scenes.  They began asking difficult questions and hired their own investigator, and were shocked to find out that the birth mother actually did desire to raise her own children, if given the chance.

Another family contacted me after reading my series, and this one was pursuing a Tanzanian adoption (as non-residents).  I shared with them everything I had discovered about the illegal international adoptions happening in Tanzania, and as a result, they changed their mind and cancelled their application.  Many others do not.

I am writing this post as I am attending Swahili language school in the very city where the illegal Tanzanian adoptions are taking place.  Since this is one of my only chances to be here, I was able to meet with the managers of two orphanages and talk with them face-to-face about the illegal activity and what we can do to stop it.  It was enlightening and helpful but oh so disturbing.  My quest is not over.



And yet, on the other hand, this year I have watched an orphan become a son.  We completed our adoption legally, and I know with confidence that Johnny had no other options but us–unless you count a life-long institution as an option.  And until things change in Tanzania, until the culture changes its attitude toward adoption; until the Tanzanian church takes on a greater responsibility to help widows and prevent orphans, then there will be plenty more children in Tanzania like Johnny.  Who have no one.


How do I walk this tightrope?  How do I dearly love adoption and yet hate the way it is abused?  How do I simultaneously fight for the child and yet fight for his mother as well?  Through this journey, I have come into contact with many in other countries who are working hard to do both.  It has been inspiring and invigorating and I’m not yet sure what my part will be in all of it.  But I do know that there will always be tension between those questions.  There is no straightforward answer; it’s not always black and white.

One thing I do know for sure:  The answers need to come from within Tanzania.  It should not be the foreigners who waltz in with solutions; it should be the Tanzanians.  I have absolute confidence they can do it.  If you live here, tell me what you think.  And consider the part you might be able to play in the solution.

Children Are No Longer for Sale In Uganda

Imagine this:

Wealthy Saudi Arabian families hear about the 400,000 children languishing in foster care in the United States, and feel a deep desire to help with this crisis.  However, these Saudi families don’t have the time to go through foster parent training and don’t want to spend large amounts of time in the U.S. They do, however, have lots of money, and are able to find lawyers to find loopholes in American laws to make this happen.

Unfortunately, the Saudi families can’t actually adopt the children immediately according to US law.  So instead, they have the courts grant them guardianship.  Then they take the kids back to Saudi Arabia and adopt them there.  Some of the kids haven’t even been released for adoption– one day, they should have been reunited with their birthparents.  But the adoptive families are sure they are giving them a better life, so it will all be okay.

In fact, these adoptions become so popular in Saudi Arabia that there aren’t enough American kids in foster care to go around.  So the lawyers hire “facilitators” to go out and “find” children in the poor areas who might like to experience a “foreign exchange program” in Saudi Arabia for a few years.   Lots of poor American parents sign up.  After all, life with a fabulously wealthy Saudi family has got to be better than life in the ghetto.  The parents just don’t realize they will never see their kids again.

If such a scenario would infuriate you; if you would demand the end of such a monstrosity, then that’s good.  You should feel that way.



But this is exactly what’s been happening in Uganda for the past few years.

Uganda has never had an official international adoption program.  The law was extremely clear:  any non-Ugandan who wanted to adopt must foster the child for three years–in Uganda–before the adoption could be finalized.

But Africa has been popular in the adoption world for the last two decades.  And since Liberia’s program closed (because of corruption), and Congo’s program closed (because of corruption), and Ethiopia’s program massively slowed down (because of corruption), agencies were eager to find a way to get kids adopted out of Uganda.

Unfortunately, adoption agencies just had that nasty 3-year residency law to deal with.  So, they found some lawyers who decided they could “make” a way (for the right price, of course) for Americans to bring children home from Uganda.  Sure, the law said that anyone who adopted a child had to live in Uganda for three years, but the law did not say that a prospective legal guardian had to live in the country at all!  Ah ha!   And since the United States does not require a child to be actually adopted before they move to the U.S., (because why would that be important???) these Ugandan children could enter America with their “legal guardians” and get their adoptions finalized in the States.  Bingo!  Another African country in the adoption bag.

But if orphans are getting rescued, does it really matter how it happens?

If you read my series on corruption in international adoption, you can already picture what happened next.  Orphanages, often funded by adoption agencies, sprung up by thehundreds all over Uganda.  Parents in poverty realized that sending their kids to an orphanage was a good way to get them three meals a day and free education.  And all of a sudden, thousands of kids were unnecessarily separated from their families.  Sometimes the families knew their kids would be adopted, but didn’t feel they had any other choice.  Other times, the kids were trafficked.  Papers were falsified.  Everyone was lied to.  But money was the common denominator.

Behind the scenes, groups of children’s advocates have been working.  And just last week, Uganda’s president signed an amendment to the adoption law.  The loophole is now closed.  Legal guardianships can only be granted to Ugandan citizens. 

Friends, this is a win!  



This is a win for Uganda.

The government has taken back control of adoption in their country–exactly as it should be.  No longer will the agencies and the orphanages be accountable only to themselves.  A centralized authority will regulate adoption and child protection. Corruption should dramatically decrease, and that’s a benefit for everyone, especially the poor.



This is a win for the kids in orphanages.

No longer is there a financial incentive for orphanages to fill up their beds.  No longer is there a “demand” for adoptable children which unnecessarily separates kids from families.  Instead, there is space for ministries to find alternative care for needy children, like foster care, assistance for those in poverty, and even support for parents of kids with disabilities.

This is a win for Ugandan families who want to adopt.  

Guess what?  This is a growing movement in Uganda!  In fact, I’ve heard that there is now a waiting list of Ugandan families who want to adopt a baby.  No longer will their desires be overshadowed by foreign agencies with lots of money who need to fill their demand.

This is a win for foreigners who want to adopt.  

Though the new amendment closes the “guardianship” loophole (which should have never been a thing in the first place), it also majorly reduces the amount of time it takes for a foreigner to legally adopt a Ugandan child–from three years to one year.  True, requiring a year of residency essentially ends international adoption.  Foreigners can still adopt–but only if they are residents, so this new amendment makes it significantly easier for them.  The best part is that this almost entirely dismisses the need for adoption agencies, cutting off almost all of the money flow, which should greatly encourage ethical adoptions.

In addition, there is a small provision in the law for the judge to make exceptions in extreme circumstances.  I know of children adopted from Uganda who had medical conditions that would have meant certain death if they had stayed behind.  This provision in the law should still allow children like this to find a new life in America.

Uganda is now on track to becoming a member of the Hague Adoption Convention.  Woohoo!

As I’ve said before, let me assure you that I am not casting judgment on any family who has brought home a Ugandan child.  Most of the time, adoptive parents are one hundred percent trusting their agencies, who probably never explained to them the reality of Ugandan law.  Some did adopt their kids the right way.  And certainly there are many true Ugandan orphans who have now found forever families.  Even in the corruption, God can bring out good.  But with this new law, light has been shone onto the dark side of Ugandan adoption.  It is a reason to celebrate!



This is a win for Uganda, its children, and for ethical international adoption everywhere!  Well done, Uganda!

Part 7: Is There Hope in This Mess We’ve Made?

Start here:  

Part 1:  The Evidence

Part 2:  Where Did We Go Wrong?

Part 3:  The Horror That is Called Child Harvesting

Part 4:  Pure Religion is to Look After Orphans (and Widows?)

Part 5:  God Told Me To…Or Maybe He Didn’t

Part 6:  What About the Children Who Really Do Need Adoption?

A few years ago, we began the process to adopt a child from Ethiopia.  We did the homestudy; we filled in the ridiculous amount of paperwork and spent a ridiculous amount of money; we went through the on-line training.  We requested a healthy baby or toddler boy.  Our dossier was sent to Ethiopia….and then in the wake of the huge adoption slowdown in that country, our agency lost its license.  Eventually, for a number of reasons, we gave up.

I’ve thought about that experience a lot as I have been doing this research, and how close we came to being directly involved with everything I read about.

A friend recently shared with me the story of her adopted daughter from Ethiopia, who is now an adult.  She was adopted as a small child, and their agency told them that their daughter’s family was untraceable.  Yet a few years later through a big coincidence, she and her husband were able to track down their daughter’s birth family in Ethiopia, and get into contact with them.  



What they found out forever changed their perspective on international adoption.  They discovered that their daughter was indeed an orphan, but was being raised by an aunt and uncle who loved her and her older brother.  One day, social workers came to their village.  They rounded up all the babies and small children who were orphaned or impoverished, and told the families that they would be better cared for in an orphanage.  This little girl was one of these children; they left the older brother behind.  The social workers only wanted the small ones.  In fact, though the birth family knew the child’s exact birthday and that she was five years old, the adoptive family was told she was three.

The children were taken to an orphanage, and without the knowledge of the families, quickly put up for adoption.  The aunt and uncle said that they tried and tried to get in touch with the orphanage or the social workers, but could never find out anything about their niece.  After enough time, they assumed the little girl was dead.  They heard nothing more until the day a few years later when my friend–the adoptive mom–was able to contact them.

Eventually, the adoptive family took their daughter to Ethiopia to meet her biological family.  The family was thrilled that their niece was alive and doing well, and everyone involved is content with the situation.  But the hard reality is that the birth family was never consulted about their niece being adopted, and it might not have even needed to happen.

It’s absolutely sickening that something as beautiful as adoption could be high-jacked by people who just want to make a profit–even at the expense of the world’s most vulnerable children.

I wish it wasn’t true.

I started out by saying how UNICEF had become enemy.  I even mentioned it a few times in posts on this blog.  But I get it now.  I still strongly disagree with some of their philosophies, but I get why they encouraged Tanzania to tighten up on their adoption regulations.  I get why they say that non-citizens should be residents for three years before they can adopt.  Because until Tanzania is ready to implement the Hague convention, the only way they can protect their children is by shutting out international adoption.  



I think back ten years ago, to the time when we went to pick up Grace from her orphanage.  The room was filled with beautiful, healthy babies, yet Grace was the only one who was eligible for adoption.  The rest had locatable family members, and the hope was that someday they would be reunited.  However, I wonder what would have happened to those babies if money was infused into the adoption system, but with no regulation?  If the orphanage suddenly found itself receiving mandatory “donations” for every child adopted?  If the lawyers found themselves with regular, lucrative work, and the social workers were benefiting under the table?  Assuming history would repeat itself in Tanzania, then all of a sudden those “unadoptable” babies would lose their paperwork.  The motivation to reunite families would be gone.  And when those babies were “used up,” more would be found.  After all, there’s got to be a supply to fill the demand.  And that’s why I’m fighting against this in Tanzania.




I’ve always been a proponent of domestic adoption in Africa.  I always thought that it could exist side-by-side with international adoption.  But now I understand that domestic adoption–that mindset, those values, must be in place first, before international adoption can take place.   I pray often that our family sets an example for Tanzanian families that adoption is good and beautiful and possible.  We talk about it in our pastoral training program.  In fact, we currently know two Tanzanian couples who are pursuing adoption right now because of what they saw in our family.  To God be the glory.  I pray that there will be more.  There needs to be more.

So where do we go from here?

This series has gotten more traffic than anything I’ve ever written on my blog.  Yet I must admit that even though I’m glad the word is getting out, I’m not super excited about it.  I lost a lot of sleep this week.  I hate that I felt compelled to write about this.  I hate that it’s even true.  I hate that it’s going to turn off a lot of people towards considering adoption.  I hate that it will make people look suspiciously at the adopted children they know.  I hate that these posts throw a bucket of sludge onto something that should be good and beautiful.

So here is my final plea:

First, we remember that God redeems.  Children are left as orphans, and adoption redeems them.  We screw up adoption, and God can redeem that too.  Please don’t use this series as a reason to never consider international adoption.  Please don’t use this series as a reason to question the motives of the adoptive parents you might know.

But let’s work harder not to screw it up in the first place.  I’ve always been an advocate for adoption, but I’ve also been an advocate for poverty alleviation that helps and doesn’t hurt.  Before this journey, I never thought about the connection between those two passions.  Now I get it.

I wish it was simple.  Adoption should be, shouldn’t it?  You want to help a child; there’s a child who needs your help.  Why should that be so complicated?  We must remember that even in the best intentions, sin is there.  Even in the purest form of worship, the highest form of service, sin is there.  Any endeavor on this side of heaven is tainted by sin.  And any time we forget that, we give opportunity for that sin to fester and grow.

In everything, we must be on our guard.

Love the orphan….but love her family first.

Love adoption….but only when there are no other options.

Keep our eyes open.  Listen to the critics.

Trust in God’s sovereignty….but refuse to knowingly participate in evil.

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